All Zone 4 (or hardier) Plants

Species: Quercus bicolor or hybrid. Our seeds are collected from trees that may have been cross-pollinated by closely related species so the resulting seedlings may be hybrids. 

History: Swamp White Oak is native to parts of southern Ontario and a few places in Quebec and down into the US. It is an important food source of many animals. Traditionally, the acorns are used by indigenous peoples as a source of food and the bark is used as medicine. The hard, durable wood is used for a variety of purposes including furniture, flooring, boats, and barrels. It is also used for landscaping with some trees planted at the 9/11 Memorial Site.

Why We Grow It: Swamp White Oaks are great trees whether you are looking for a native tree to feed wildlife or a stately addition to your landscape. These trees are easy to transplant and are tolerant of many soil conditions so long as the area is moist. The acorns are a great food source for many species and can also be processed for use in cooking and baking.

Note: Our Evans sour cherries are grown from cuttings so they will be smaller and bushier than the grafted and seedling sour cherries we offer. Please see 'Size at Purchase' below for more details!

History: Evans (aka Bali) was originally grown by a Mrs. Borward living near Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta. This was quite notable since, at the time, it was believed that it was impossible to grow any cherry trees in the prairies! She had been growing the cherries since the early 1920s and the cold hardy tree was eventually brought to the attention of horticulturalist Dr. Ieuan Evans by a friend. In 1976, her garden was slated for destruction due to the pending construction of a federal prison so she invited Dr. Evans to take suckers to propagate the tree. He gave the suckers out to a wide circle of friends and acquaintances who were all impressed and the variety was dubbed 'Evans' in his honour by another Alberta Agriculture horticulturalist. Dr. Evans tried to bring the variety to the attention of local nurseries who turned it down, refusing to believe cherries would grow in the cold prairie climate. Eventually, it was picked up by nurseries and Evans became the number one selling cherry tree in North America.

Why We Grow It: Evans produces bright red cherries that are excellent for pies, jellies, jams, and juice. This naturally dwarfing variety only reaches about 12-14ft tall compared to to a full-size tree which can reach up to 25ft. Evans tends to grow as more of a bush but can be pruned to maintain a tree form. It produces a profusion of white blooms in the spring which makes it quite attractive as an ornamental plant as well.

Check our our blog post with some tasty sour cherry recipes!

History: Valentine was developed at the University of Saskatchewan and released in 2002 as part of the Romance series. Valentine stands out amongst the Romance series as having the reddest fruit and the highest vigour. 

Why We Grow It: Valentine produces tart bright red cherries that are great for drying due to their colour. They are also excellent for baking, especially if you love cherry pie! If you prefer a sour flavour, pick the cherries as soon as they turn red on the bush. Otherwise, wait a week or so until the colour deepens and they will be a bit sweeter. Valentine gets taller than some of the other dwarf sour cherry bushes but has higher overall yields as a result. 

Check our our blog post with some tasty sour cherry recipes!

History: Porthos was developed by Bob Bors at the University of Saskatchewan. It was selected for its large fruit and unusually sweet flavour. A member of the Musketeer Series, Porthos was released in 2022 as part of the university's 100 Years of Horticulture Celebrations. 

Why We Grow It: Porthos produces large, deep red fruits that are quite sweet for sour cherries! This is a versatile variety that is great for fresh eating, baking, cooking, freezing, and making wine. 

Check our our blog post with some tasty sour cherry recipes!

History: D'Artagnan was developed by the University of Saskatchewan and shares the same parents as several varieties in the Romance series. It was bred for and selected due to its suckering habit which makes it suitable to form a cold-hardy fruit-bearing hedge. D'Artagnan is the fourth variety released in the Musketeer series and was named for the fourth musketeer in The Three Musketeers. It was released in 2021 as part of the university's 100 Years of Horticulture Celebrations. 

Why We Grow It: D'Artagnan produces dark red cherries similar in flavour to Juliet. Like Juliet, it can be eaten fresh or used for cooking and baking. Its main feature, however, is its tendency to sucker heavily which makes it suitable for forming hedges. If individual d'Artagnan bushes are planted 1m apart, they will eventually fill in to form an edible hedge. For those in colder climate areas especially, this can be a unique addition to an edible landscape!

Check our our blog post with some tasty sour cherry recipes!

History: Cutie Pie was developed at the University of Saskatchewan using Mongolian cherry material donated by plant breeder Les Kerr who first created the dwarf sour cherry bushes. It was selected for its compact size, good flavour, and extreme cold hardiness and released as part of the university's 100 Years of Horticulture Celebrations in 2021. 

Why We Grow It: Cutie Pie is a compact plant, even compared to the other dwarf sour cherry bushes. Only reaching about 4ft tall once mature, this is a great option for those with limited space. The small, red cherries have a more balanced sweet/tart flavour so they are great for eating fresh and using in baking or cooking! It is a reliable and productive variety.

Check our our blog post with some tasty sour cherry recipes!

History: Big Red was developed by Bob Bors at the University of Saskatchewan. It was one of several varieties an American company further evaluated in the US and selected as the best amongst them. Chosen for its notable cold hardiness, large size, and unique shape along with its good flavour, Big Red is sold under the name Wowza! in the US. The variety is still considered experimental since the original tree was accidentally destroyed prematurely.

Why We Grow It: Along with having good flavour, Big Red is most notable for its large size: the fruit can be twice as big as other dwarf sour cherries! The fruit is also uniquely elongated with a lobed end, giving it an appearance akin to Red Delicious apples. In trials at the University of Saskatchewan, the variety suffered no winterkill so it appears to be extremely cold hardy even in comparison to other dwarf sour cherries. The only downside to this variety is that it has lower yields than other varieties, perhaps as a tradeoff for its other traits.

Check our our blog post with some tasty sour cherry recipes!

History: Athos was developed by the University of Saskatchewan and was first bred in 1992 as a cross between Kerr's Easy Pick and Cacanski Rubin. It was selected from among 2500 seedlings for its productivity, winter hardiness, extent of suckering, ease of fruit removal, and fruit quality. Part of the Musketeer Series, Athos was released in 2022 as part of the university's 100 Years of Horticulture Celebrations. 

Why We Grow It: Athos produces burgundy red cherries that have a more balanced sweet/tart flavour compared to some of the other sour cherries. This makes them more desirable for fresh eating but they are still good for typical sour cherry uses like baking. The bush has more of a spreading growth habit which gives it some additional visual appeal as an ornamental plant. 

Check our our blog post with some tasty sour cherry recipes!

Species: Prunus persica

History: These seedlings are grown from seeds collected from Contender peach trees growing in Ontario. Contender was developed at the North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station and released in 1988. 

Why We Grow It: Seedling fruit trees are a great way to add some diversity and mystery to your garden or orchard! We expect that seedling peaches will be even hardier trees than their parents! The parent variety, Contender is a cold hardy variety that produces peaches great for fresh eating, canning, and freezing.

Please Note: Since peaches tend to stay true to type more than apples, these seedlings will likely bear a strong resemblance to their parent variety. However, any specific information listed on this page should be taken with a grain of salt as there may be some variation from the parent tree.

Species: Crataegus chrysocarpa syn. C. rotundifolia

History: Round-Leaved Hawthorn (aka Fireberry Hawthorn) is native to much of Canada and the US. The berries are a source of food for various birds and rodents. Traditionally, the leaves, haws (berries), and flowers have been used as a heart medicine.

Why We Grow It: Round-Leaved Hawthorns are a great wildlife plant and make a lovely ornamental shrub as well. Although not great for eating fresh, the bright red haws can be used to make jam or jelly and can be made into tea along with the leaves and/or flowers. This adaptable, hardy shrub can tolerate a wide range of conditions.

Special Note: We take special care to grade out (remove) any of these seedlings that are showing visible thorns when we dig them in the fall. This increases the likelihood (although we cannot make any guarantees) that you will not have thorns develop on your Hershey Thornless Honey Locust Seedling. If you don't mind thorns on your Honey Locust, the ones we grade out are available here at a lower pricepoint.

Species: Gleditsia triacanthos

History: The mother variety of these seedlings, Hershey, was developed by John Hershey in the early half of the 1900s. After witnessing the destruction of the Dust Bowl, Hershey knew that trees could play an important role in creating more resilient agriculture and sought out nut, persimmon, honey locust, and oak trees in the wild with desirable traits. Hershey was selected for its large pods, thornless nature, and high sugar content (up to 30-40%!). Some of his original grafted trees can still be found in the US today.

Why We Grow It: Our Hershey seedlings will generally be thornless and produce large, sweet pods similar to what made their parent so desirable. However, with natural variation be aware the pods may not be as large and/or sweet as the original Hershey trees and the seedlings may still produce thorns! The pods are great for livestock feed and the sweet pulp can be used in baking, tea, and making beer. The trees themselves are also nitrogen-fixing, popular with pollinators, and have durable, rot-resistant wood. 

Species: Lonicera caerulea

History: Tundra was developed at the University of Saskatchewan and released in 2010. It was selected for its large size, good flavour, and, perhaps most importantly, its firmness. The large, firm berries made the variety well-suited for commercial growing and harvesting. 

Why We Grow It: Tundra produces large, elongated berries with a sweet and tangy flavour. The berries are firmer than other varieties which makes them a great option for mechanical harvesting in larger scale operations. Despite the firmness, they still have a pleasant texture and are great for all the usual haskap uses such as fresh eating, baking, or preserving. 

Species: Lonicera caerulea

History: Kawai was created by Dr. Maxine Thompson who collected open-pollinated seeds from berry farms in Hokkaido, Japan in 2000. The seeds were planted in Oregon and evaluated. Kawai was selected for its fruit quality, high yields, and high vigour.

Why We Grow It: Kawai produces medium, blocky berries with an excellent, mild flavour. Like other haskaps, the fruit is well suited for fresh eating, baking, and making jelly/jam among many other uses. The cold hardy bush itself is quite vigorous and has high yields.

Species: Lonicera caerulea

History: Chito was created by Dr. Maxine Thompson who collected open-pollinated seeds from berry farms in Hokkaido, Japan in 2000. The seeds were planted in Oregon and evaluated. Chito was selected in 2014 for its open growth habit, vigour, yield, and fruit quality. 

Why We Grow It: Chito produces a large, sweet/tart, ovate berry with a milder flavour than other haskaps. Like other haskaps they are good for fresh eating, baking, and making jam/jelly. This vigorous shrub has a more open growth habit than other varieties, making the fruit easier to see and harvest. 

Species: Vitis sp. (hybrid)

History: Frontenac was bred by renowned cold hardy grape breeder Elmer Swenson at the University of Minnesota. It was released in 1996 and since then has become commonly planted in Canada and northeastern America where other wine grapes will not perform as well.

Why We Grow It: Frontenac produces a blue grape that is best used for wine-making. It is suitable for rosés, dry red wines, and fortified wines such as port. It is high in both acidity and sugar, producing a balanced wine with a nice colour.

Species: Vitis labrusca x V. vinifera

History: Concord was created by Ephraim Bull in Massachusetts. In 1843, he began breeding wild V. labrusca grapes, occasionally hybridizing them with V. vinifera, in an effort to breed a good quality grape that could survive a colder climate. After growing 22,000 seedlings, he found one that fit what he was looking for. He named it Concord after the town where his farm was located and introduced it in 1854. In 1869, Dr. Thomas Welch created pasteurized Concord grape juice that prevented fermentation, marketing it as a non-alcoholic substitute for Communion wine. This business eventually became the Welch's company that still exists today. By 1923, Concord became the most commonly grown commercial grape in North America and although its status has fallen somewhat, it is still commonly grown and used in many grape products. The distinct colour of the grapes is also the reason why grape-flavoured products are coloured purple!

Why We Grow It: Concord produces dark blue slipskin grapes that are aromatic with a sweet flavour. This hardy, vigorous variety is great for fresh eating, baking, and jelly and is suitable for juice and wine as well. The grapes do contain a large seed.

Species: Prunus pumila var. besseyi (Western sandcherry) x P. salicina (Japanese Plum)

History: Opata was developed by Dr. N.E. Hansen who was a professor of horticulture at South Dakota State University from 1895 to 1950. He helped pioneer chum development in an effort to create plants hardy enough to survive in the northern prairies. Opata is the Sioux word for 'bouquet', following Hansen's tradition of naming his native plant crosses after words from local indigenous cultures.  

Why We Grow It: Opata produces a red chum with yellow flesh that is freestone, firm, juicy, and considered to be one of the better tasting chums. It is pleasantly sweet with only a hint of acidity. It is good for fresh eating as well as jams, jellies, preserves, and pies. Like other chums, the shrub itself is compact, cold hardy, and relatively free of pests and disease.

Species: Vaccinium corymbosum

History: Hannah's Choice was developed in Maryland by Arlen Draper, a blueberry breeder working for the USDA, in collaboration with the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station. The initial cross was made in 1978 and the variety was released in 2000 after being selected for the superior sweetness and firmness of its fruit compared to other early ripening blueberry varieties. 

Why We Grow It: Hannah's Choice produces firm, medium to large blueberries with a sweet flavour that has a hint of peach. For those looking to extend the blueberry season, this early-ripening variety is a great option! The fruit is larger, sweeter, and stores better than many other early season varieties. The fruit tends to ripen all at once and is on the firmer side, making it a good option for both commercial farms and u-pick operations. 

Species: Nyssa sylvatica

History: Black Gum (aka Black Tupelo) is native from southern Ontario ranging down to Texas and Florida with a few sporadic populations in Mexico. The name tupelo comes from the Creek words "ito" which means "tree" and "opilwa" which means "swamp" due to its preference for wetter habitats. The tree is a great source of nectar for bees and the small black fruits the tree produces are an important source of food for many species of birds including bluebirds, scarlet tanagers, and pileated woodpeckers. Black Gum produces a hard wood that is difficult to split, leading its use in products such as mauls, pulleys, and wheel hubs. They are quite visually appealing particularly in the fall, so have also been used as ornamental trees. These can be quite long-lived trees with the oldest known specimen being over 700 years old. 

Why We Grow It: Black Gum is a lovely native tree whether you're looking for a visually striking autumn display, a great source of food for various wildlife, or nice hard wood. The trees are quite adaptable to different soil conditions and although they generally prefer wetter conditions in the wild, they can tolerate drought and dry soils. 

History: Summer Rambo was first described in 1535 in France where it is known as Rambour d'Ete, named for its early ripening and the village of Rambures. It arrived in colonial America where it was called Summer Rambour which became Summer Rambo sometime before the 1850s. Its short shelf life means it never reached commercial success but it is a popular early apple at u-pick orchards and farmers' markets.

Why We Grow It: Summer Rambo produces oblong apples that are green with a red blush that ripen relatively early in the summer. This crisp, aromatic apple has a wine-like flavour that is good for fresh eating, cider, and sauce. Although it does not store well, it is a delightful summer treat!

History: Spigold (aka Spy Gold) was developed at the New York Agricultural Experiment Station in Geneva, New York and released in 1962. It is a cross between Red Spy and Golden Delicious that has remained somewhat popular in North America. 

Why We Grow It: Spigold marries the best qualities of Golden Delicious and Red Spy. It produces very large apples that are crisp and juicy with a honeyed sweet/tart flavour. These large apples are excellent for fresh eating, making applesauce, baking into pies, and making into cider. They also store quite well and some say the flavour actually improves in storage. 

History: Rescue was developed at Agriculture and Agri-food Canada's Scott Research Station in Scott, Saskatchewan and was released in 1933. It is an open-pollinated seedling of Blushed Calville. 

Why We Grow It: Although the fruit is on the smaller side and doesn't keep well, Rescue has a good sweet-tart flavour that is good for fresh eating and is also good for cooking and preserves. This cold hardy applecrab is an excellent pollination partner for other apple trees.

History: Prairifire (sometimes spelled Prairiefire or Prairie Fire) was created by DF Dayton at the University of Illinois and released in 1982. It is a hybrid of several Malus species which gives it excellent disease resistance along with a striking visual appearance. Prairifire remains a popular ornamental variety today!

Why We Grow It: This striking crabapple boasts a profusion of reddish pink blooms in the spring, reddish leaves, and lovely red fruit in the fall. Along with its ornamental appeal, Prairie Fire is also quite disease resistant, a great pollination partner for other apple trees, and a source of food for wildlife. 

History: Makamik is one of many Rosybloom crabapples developed by Isabella Preston at the Canadian Department of Agriculture Central Experimental Farm in Ottawa. She bred them with the goal of creating cold hardy, ornamental trees for harsher Canadian climates. Like the other crabapples in the series, Makamik is named after a Canadian lake. It was released in the 1920s or 1930s and remains a popular ornamental crabapple to this day.

Why We Grow It: Makamik is a very cold hardy and disease resistant crabapple valued for its ornamental appeal. Sporting pink blooms and leaves with a reddish tinge, it makes a lovely addition whether you're looking for visual appeal, a pollination partner for your other apple trees, or a food source for your local birds in the winter! 

History: Harcourt was developed by the University of Alberta and released in 1955. It was named after George Harcourt, a key player in the creation of the university's agricultural program, in honour of his legacy in shaping Albertan agriculture as a professor, civil servant, and horticulturalist. 

Why We Grow It: This cold hardy variety produces apples that are lightly waxed with prominent red striping. The fruit is crisp and juicy with a pleasant sweet-tart flavour. Harcourt apples do need to be enjoyed quickly since, like many early-ripening varieties, they do not store well. Fortunately, they are great for juice, sauce, and drying!

Species: Aesculus glabra

History: Ohio Buckeye is native to Walpole Island in Ontario and some central and southern states in the United States. The Shawnee name for the tree is 'hetuck' which means 'eye of the buck' due to the nut's resemblance to a deer's eye. Indigenous peoples such as the Lenape traditionally use the nuts for medicinal uses, tanning leather, and jewellery. Ohio Buckeye is the state tree of Ohio and people from Ohio and graduates of Ohio State University are sometimes called 'buckeyes'. Unsurprisingly, the nuts have an important cultural place in Ohio. There is a candy resembling the nuts called 'buckeyes' that are popular and the nuts make numerous appearances in Calvin and Hobbes whose author is from Ohio. Its wood is too soft to be used for much and it has limited uses as a street tree since it is considered messy due to the nuts it drops.

Why We Grow It: Ohio Buckeye is an attractive ornamental tree with its large, palmate leaves and notable yellow flowers in spring. Although the tree is toxic and generally not fed on by wildlife, the large flowers are very attractive to a variety of pollinators including hummingbirds!