Scionwood

History: Medaille d'Or was raised from a seed by Monsieur Goddard in Rouen, France. In 1873 the apple was awarded a gold medal by the Societe Centrale D’Horticulture de Departement de la Seine Inferieure and in 1884 was brought to England by the Woolhope Naturalist's Field Club where it became established as a classic English cider apple.

Why We Grow It: It is easy to see why this apple was popular in both France and England with its yellow-gold skin and excellent cider qualities. This apple produces a fruity juice with high alcohol content and is very high in tannins. It makes a great single-variety cider.

Species: Mespilus germanica

History: Native to parts of Europe and the Middle East, Medlars have been cultivated for thousands of years with records dating back to Ancient Greece and Rome. As one of the few fruits to ripen in the winter, they were an important food plant for a long time. Many literary works, including Shakespeare, reference medlars and often make crass jokes due to their appearance. As better storage and transportation made it easier to access more popular fruits out of season, medlars began to fade out of popularity around the 1800s and are now rarely cultivated.

Why We Grow It: Medlars are truly a unique fruit! When ripe, they are hard and inedible but if you let them blet (essentially rot) they develop a taste and texture similar to applesauce. They can be eaten raw or used to make things like medlar cheese or medlar jelly. It is certainly an acquired taste but a fun option if you are looking or something unique and/or want to enjoy your own fruit into the winter.

History: Meigetsu is an Asian pear that originated in Japan. The word 'meigetsu' roughly translates to 'beautiful moon' or 'grand moon.' Its name could also be a shortened version of 'Chushu no Meigetsu,' the Japanese name for the harvest moon in September. 

Why We Grow It: Meigetsu Asian pears are pleasantly sweet with the flavour and aroma being compared to pineapples, watermelon, and butterscotch. The flesh is somewhat softer than other Asian pears, making the texture more akin to that of European pears. 

History: Melba was developed by W.T. Macoun at the Central Experimental Farm in Ottawa in 1898. In 1924 it was released commercially and three years later received the Silver Wilder Medal from the American Pomological Society. 

Why We Grow It: Melba is a lovely early market apple or backyard tree for making applesauce! The fruit is yellow with crimson flush and the crisp, white skin has a very sweet flavour.

History: Meteor sour cherries were introduced by the University of Minnesota in 1952 as part of an effort to breed more cold hardy varieties.

Why We Grow It: Winter hardiness, reliable cropping, and a resistance to leaf spot make Meteor a good choice for the backyard. The fruit is bright red with yellow flesh. Meteor is classified as an amarelle type sour cherry, similar to Montmorency. It is excellent for making pie. 

Check our our blog post with some tasty sour cherry recipes!

History: Michelin was raised by a French nurseryman in Normandy where it first bore fruit in 1872. It was named after pomologist Henri Michelin who studied cider varieties. In 1884 the Woolhope Field Naturalist's Club brought Michelin along with Medaille d'Or back to England where it became one of the most commonly planted cider varieties by the 1900s. 

Why We Grow It: These juicy apples produce good quantities of bittersweet juice that make a nice addition to cider blends. The trees start producing fruit at a young age and have large, reliable crops. They have preformed well in recent studies at the Vineland Research station in our Canadian growing conditions. 

History: Milwaukee was discovered around 1890 as a chance seedling growing on the farm of George Jeffrey is Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Named for its city of origin, it was first grown commercially around 1899 but is now considered rare today. DNA testing has shown that it is a seedling of Duchess, imparting excellent cold hardiness on this variety.

Why We Grow It: Milwaukee produces a large, red apple that is crisp, juicy, with a tart flavour that is a bit more intense than most people like for fresh eating. It instead shines when used for cooking, pies, and cider. For those looking an nice multi-purpose apple that is quite cold hardy, this is an excellent option!

History: Likely cultivated from a wild plum growing in Asia, Mirabelle plums are a specialty of the Lorraine region in France where they are still primarily grown today. They are very popular in Europe and the French city of Metz has an annual Mirabelle Festival that spans two weeks. In 2006, the French city of Nancy created the world's longest Mirabelle tart which measured over 200m in length. 

Why We Grow It: It's no why wonder that this European plum is so popular. Mirabelle plums are super sweet and flavourful with soft juicy flesh. The medium-sized yellow fruit is exquisite as a dessert plum, but can also be used in jams, chutneys and schnapps.

History: Mishirasu is an Asian pear from Japan.

Why We Grow It: Mishirasu is a popular variety since the fruit are extra large with a sweet, mild flavour and a nice crunch. The skin is brown and russeted, and the fruit have a roundish shape that is reminiscent of European pears.

Species: Prunus persica

History: This scionwood is harvested from peach seedlings grown from peach seeds from the very trees we have in our orchards! The parents will be a mix of the Harrow Diamond, Redhaven, Reliance, Veteran, and seedling peaches from True Root Nursery. 

Why We Grow It: Peach seedlings tend to stay fairly true to type so odds are you're going to get a pretty solid peach tree once they mature and it is hoped that growing them from seed here will make them a littler hardier! For those who prefer the certainty that comes with getting a named variety, these trees would also be great for grafting as rootstock, feeding wildlife, or planting along a fence line.

History: Montmorency sour cherries date back over 400 years, originating in the Montmorency Valley in France. From there they spread to England and eventually to North America where they are the most commonly grown sour cherry by far. Products that contain sour cherries are almost guaranteed to use this variety.

Why We Grow It: It's hard to ignore such a classic and beloved sour cherry. Montmorency produces bright red cherries that are perfect for making cherry pie, preserves, and jams. Montmorency is an amarelle cherry.

 Check our our blog post with some tasty sour cherry recipes!

History: Mother was first officially introduced to the world in an 1844 edition of the "Magazine of Horticulture." We know it came from General Stephen Gardner's farm in Massachusetts in the US but do not know any other details about its origins. It faded from popularity in the US during the 1900s but remained popular in the UK.

Why We Grow It: Mother produces medium-sized apples with yellow skin that turn deep red where exposed to the sun. This crisp, juicy apple is sweet with hints of pear and vanilla making it an excellent choice for fresh eating. It is also a popular option for baking pies! The fruit stores well, the blooms are tolerant of late spring frosts, and the tree tends to start producing at a young age. It is also susceptible to several common apple diseases, but we believe its other qualities outshine that fact.

History: As the name suggests, Mount Royal plums originated in the Montreal area where it was either found by French colonizers as a wild chance seedling or intentionally bred by Jesuit missionaries and French colonizers using plums brought over from Europe. Either way, the result is a lovely plum hardy enough to survive Canadian winters.

Why We Grow It: This European plum is a Canadian classic of excellent flavour and good cold-hardiness. The fruit is blue-skinned with jammy yellow flesh that is both sweet and spicy. The tree produces heavy crops. 

History: Little is known about Muscadet de Dieppe aside from the fact it originated near the port of Dieppe in Normandy, France. It was commonly grown in the area since 1750 at least. 

Why We Grow It: Considering this French cider variety was popular in an area known for its cider, this makes for a classic cider apple. The juice is bittersweet and aromatic which is excellent in both single-variety ciders and cider blends.

History: Mutsu apples (aka Crispin) were developed in the 1930s at the Aomori Apple Experiment Station in Japan as a cross between Golden Delicious and Indo apples, the same parentage as its sister apple Shizuka. This variety was named after Mutsu Province which was the previous name for the area where it was grown and released in 1949.

Why We Grow It: Mutsu apples have a lot going for them. They have a delicious sweet-tart flavour which is great for fresh eating and the golden yellow skin is quite attractive. The fruit itself is very large and keeps its shaped when cooked, making it an excellent choice for baking. The apples even store well, lasting all winter.

History: Also known as Albemarle Pippin. This apple was discovered as a chance seedling (aka a pippin) in the village of Newtown in New York sometime in the late 1600s or early 1700s. It was commonly grown in colonial America, even earning praise from both George Washington and Thomas Jefferson. In 1838, the American minister to Great Britain gave some to Queen Victoria who loved the apples so much she removed tariffs on the variety and they became an important export until the tariffs were reinstated during WW2. 

Why We Grow It: Newtown Pippin's popularity can be ascribed to its unique ‘rich pineapple flavour’ which it develops under optimum growing conditions. So far it has been performing well in our test orchard with good vigour and we have had no issues with diseases despite the tree's general susceptibility. 

History: The Niitaka Asian pear was developed in Japan as a cross between Amanogawa and Imamuraaki Asian pears in 1915 and was released in 1927. 

Why We Grow It: Niitaka is a popular Japanese variety with large orange-brown fruit that is round and speckled. The flavour is sweet and mild.

History: Norland apples were created by Dr. C.R. Ure and introduced in 1979 by the Agriculture Canada Research Station in Morden, Manitoba. 

Why We Grow It: Since this variety was bred to survive in the prairies, it is very cold hardy. The fruit is medium-sized with sweet flesh that is good for fresh eating or applesauce. It bears heavy annual crops starting early in the life of the tree. A home orchardist in Dacre, ON described the fruit as "lovely with no pest damage; juicy, creamy-fleshed with excellent flavour."

History: North Star sour cherries were created by the University of Minnesota as part of an effort to create varieties that are more resistant to the cold. They were introduced in 1950 and recently have been growing in popularity as a backyard variety. 

Why We Grow It: North Star is a sour cherry with bright red skin which darkens as it ripens. It has an excellent flavour. The trees have a compact and weeping growth habit, making them an attractive addition to your yard whether in bloom in spring or bearing fruit in the summer. They are also self-pollinating, very hardy, and resistant to leaf spot and brown rot. 

 Check our our blog post with some tasty sour cherry recipes!

History: Northern Spy was first discovered in New York around 1800. It tends to be irregularly shaped and bruises easily, so it is not a popular commercial apple but it is still commonly grown in certain regions in the States today. It is featured in several poems and in 1953 a box of Northern Spy apples was sent to Senator Joseph McCarthy by the Toronto Globe and Mail during his infamous hunt for 'communist spies.' 

Why We Grow It: Northern Spy apples are juicy with a balanced sweet-tart honeyed flavour, although they do tend to bruise easily due to their thin skin. To make up for that, they are known for making wonderful pies. The trees are cold hardy and vigorous.

History: Northwest Greening was grown from seed in 1849 by Jasen Hatch in Wisconsin with the intention of using it as rootstock. The graft ultimately failed and the rootstock grew into its own tree which grabbed the attention of E.W. Daniels in the 1870s when he sampled the fruit. He introduced Northwest Greening commercially in 1872 and it gained moderate success in the US.

Why We Grow It: Northwest Greening produces a medium to large green apple that is firm, dnese, and crisp. It has a sweet-tart flavour that is best suited to making pies and cider, both of which it is known for. The tree itself boasts decent disease-resistance and cold hardiness.

History: Novaspy (aka Nova Spy) was developed at the AAFC Kentville Research and Development Centre in Nova Scotia by A.C. Crowe. It was bred to be a more disease-resistant version of Northern Spy and has Northern Spy, Nova Easygro, and Golden Delicious heritage. It was commercially released in 1986, its name referencing its province of origin and the apple it was trying to replicate. 

Why We Grow It: As with other apples released from the AAFC breeding program in Kentville, NS, you can expect excellent disease-resistance from Novaspy.  However, its resemblance to Northern Spy is not close enough to warrant the name-- think of Novaspy as having its own new identity to try out. Tree comes into bearing early in life and is an easy one to take care of.  Highly recommended for small-scale organic orchards.

History: The 'Old Home' pear (Pyrus communis) is an Illinois-native cultivar discovered in the early 20th century, renowned for its exceptional fire blight resistance and widely used in developing the common OHxF (Old Home x Farmingdale) rootstock series. Identified by F.E. Reimer around 1915, it became a staple in North American pear production for grafting. 

Why We Grow It: Old Home is a great option for interstem grafting between dwarf rootstocks such as Provence Quince, which are incompatible with some pears, such as Bartlett. 

Species: Prunus pumila var. besseyi (Western sandcherry) x P. salicina (Japanese Plum)

History: Opata was developed by Dr. N.E. Hansen who was a professor of horticulture at South Dakota State University from 1895 to 1950. He helped pioneer chum development in an effort to create plants hardy enough to survive in the northern prairies. Opata is the Sioux word for 'bouquet', following Hansen's tradition of naming his native plant crosses after words from local indigenous cultures.  

Why We Grow It: Opata produces a red chum with yellow flesh that is freestone, firm, juicy, and considered to be one of the better tasting chums. It is pleasantly sweet with only a hint of acidity. It is good for fresh eating as well as jams, jellies, preserves, and pies. Like other chums, the shrub itself is compact, cold hardy, and relatively free of pests and disease.

History: Ozark Premier plums were developed by the Missouri State Fruit Experiment Station and introduced in 1946. They are a cross between Burbank and Methley plums. 

Why We Grow It: This Japanese plum produces exceptionally large semi-clingstone fruit which are juicy and firm with a flavour that is sweet with a mild tartness. These plums are great for cooking, fresh eating, and canning. The tree has good disease resistance and reliable crops.

History: Packham's Triumph were created by Charles Packham in 1896 in the town of Molong, located in Australia. His goal was to create a late-ripening pear and this popular pear proves he was indeed triumphant. This pear is most commonly grown in the southern hemisphere and the town of Molong is quite proud that such a beloved variety is part of their history. 

Why We Grow It: Packham's Triumph is bright-yellow with russet mottling and smooth, white, juicy flesh that has an excellent flavour and smooth texture. The tree produces heavy and reliable crops.

History: Parkland apples were variety created at the Morden Research and Development Centre in Manitoba and released in 1979. Like other varieties developed there, Parkland was designed to withstand the harsh prairie winters and is especially cold hardy. It has become the most commonly grown apple in Alaska after it was brought over in 1985 in an effort to determine which Canadian varieties could survive in the northern state.

Why We Grow It: Parkland is a very satisfying early season apple - sweet and crunchy. It's excellent snacking or applesauce although the fruit is small (about 2" diameter) with creamy flesh and red skin. The tree is quite hardy. 

History: The Passe Crassane pear originated in France where it was grown by Louis Boisbunel in 1845 and first bore fruit in 1855. It quickly became popular and was grown in France, Italy, and Spain and commonly exported to Germany and England. The stems were sealed with a red wax to keep in moisture during the pear's long ripening period which became a symbol of the variety. Although its susceptibility to blight has caused its popularity to decline since then, it is still grown on a small scale in parts of France and Italy.

Why We Grow It: This French winter pear is aromatic, floral, and fruity with a melting texture. It is best enjoyed after 4-5 months in storage, usually around February to March. Although the tree is hardy, it is susceptible to mildew and fireblight.

History: Paula Red (sometimes written Paulared) was discovered in Michigan in 1960 by Lewis Arends near a ravine where apples were dumped. It was one of several wild apple seedlings that had sprouted up from the discarded seeds. Likely pleased by its attractive red skin and flavour, Arends named it 'Paula Red' in honour of his wife Pauline. It is a cross between Duchess and McIntosh.

Why We Grow It: Paula Red produces medium to large red apples with small yellow/green patches that are juicy and firm with a nice sweet/tart flavour. The flavour has strong vinous and strawberry notes. It is also slower to brown. This early-ripening variety tends to soften relatively quickly which means it does not store very long, but it is great for making applesauce. The tree produces heavy crops although tends to bear every other year as a result.